Techie

Research Fellowships in Engineering and Science disciplines under XI Plan Projects

2009-02-01T04:32:00.001+05:30

Department of Atomic Energy

BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE

The particulars under this scheme are given in the following:
Sr. No Scheme Fellowship

1. JRF : Rs. 12,000/- p.m. for 1st and 2nd year and Rs. 14,000/- p.m. for subsequent years
+ 30% HRA + Contingency grant of Rs. 15,000/- per year.

2. SRF : Rs. 14,000/- p.m. for 1st and 2nd year and Rs. 15,000/- p.m. for subsequent years
+ 30% HRA + Contingency grant of Rs. 15,000/- per year.

3. RA : Rs. 16,000/- p.m. + 30% HRA

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Technical Resurgence "TESLA 2009 "

2009-01-22T04:33:00.006+05:30

Enlarge Image--> Click Here

Visit Tesla Blog

Visit Tesla WebPage

Hi friends,

Dept of ECE and EEE are jointly organizing a Technical Resurgence "TESLA 2009 ". I am attaching the poster of the event, do participate in it and make a success.

NOTE: Try to pass on this info to your friends who are studying in da same college with u and elsewhere.

Mechatronics Workshop 2009

2009-01-18T04:01:00.002+05:30

Date: 20th Jan 2k9

Venue : Institute of Aeronautical Engineering

Entry Fees:

75Rs/- for IARE Students & Staff
150Rs/- for Non-IARE Students
200Rs/- for Non-IARE Staff

Conducted by: Aero - Mechanical Division and ECE Department of our college.

NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON EMI/EMC

2009-01-18T03:56:00.001+05:30

AICTE SPONSORED NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RECENT ADVANCES IN ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE/ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMI/EMC)
(30th - 31st January, 2009)

CONTENTS OF THE WORKSHOP

Introduction to EMI/EMC
Microstrip Antenna & its applications
Fractal Antenna
Metamaterials
Simulation of Microstrip Antenna using IE3D
Interaction

REGISTRATION & FEE PARTICULARS

Application in prescribed format and the registration fee in the form of DD drawn in favour of “Convenor, EMI/EMC” payable at SBI, NIT Branch Rourkela-8 (Code-2109) must reach on or before 25.01.2009.

FEES

Employees from Industries/ R&D Organizations	Rs. 2,000.00
Faculties from Educational institution	Rs. 1,000.00
Students	Rs. 200.00

Registration fee includes lodging, boarding and registration kit.

Copies of this form can be made, if necessary. Please send the filled in form to the Convenor on or before 25.01.2009

ADDRESS FOR COMMUNICATION

Prof. S K Behera

Convenor, EMI/EMC

Department of ECE

NIT, Rourkela - 769008, Orissa

Phone: 0661-2462462

Email: kbehera@nitrkl.ac.in, facultyece@gmail.com

Digital Communication Technology Helps Clear Path To Personalized Therapies

2009-01-14T06:07:00.001+05:30

(Jan. 12, 2009) — Researchers at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research (Burnham) have shown that search algorithms used in digital communications can help scientists identify effective multi-drug combinations. The study, led by Giovanni Paternostro, M.D., Ph.D., was published in the December 26, 2008, issue of PLoS Computational Biology.

Using the stack sequential algorithm, which was developed for digital communications, the team of scientists searched for optimal drug combinations. This algorithm can integrate information from different sources, including biological measurements and model simulations. This differs from the classic systems biology approach by having search algorithms rather than explicit quantitative models as the central element. The variability of biological systems is the fundamental motivation for this strategy.

“Combination therapies have demonstrated efficacy in treating complex diseases such as cancer and hypertension, but it is difficult to identify safe and effective combination treatment regimens using only trial and error,” said Dr. Paternostro. “As personalized medicine moves from the present emphasis on diagnosis and prognosis to therapy, the problem of searching for optimal drug combinations uniquely suited to the genetic and molecular profile of each patient will need to be solved. This research is a first step in that direction.”

Current methodology for identifying effective combination therapies involves exhaustive testing. However, the exponential expansion of possibilities precludes exploring large combinations using this approach. For example, many chemotherapy regimens include six drugs from a pool of 100. A study that included all combinations (including partial combinations containing only some of these compounds) at three different doses would have to digest 8.9 x 1011 possibilities. The problem requires a new approach rather than more efficient screening technology.

In the study, a small subset of the possible drug combinations identified using the algorithms were tested in two biological model systems. One system studied improvement in the physiological decline associated with aging in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) and the other system tested for selective killing of cancer cells. In both cases, effective drug combinations were identified by combining the algorithm with biological tests.

“Our work was greatly helped by collaborators with expertise in medicine, engineering and physics from Burnham, University of California, San Diego and Michigan State University,” said Dr Paternostro. “We especially benefited from suggestions from Dr. Andrew Viterbi, inventor of the Viterbi algorithm so widely used in digital communications, who pointed to parallels between this biological problem and signal decoding.” Dr. Andrew Viterbi cofounded Linkabit Corporation and Qualcomm Inc., with Dr. Irwin Jacobs. He is currently the president of the venture capital firm, The Viterbi Group.

This work was funded by the Ellison Medical Foundation, National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.

IETE Inaugaration on Jan10th

2009-01-09T04:25:00.002+05:30

Dear Students,

You are here by informed that the much waited inauguration of IETE is now confirmed for Jan10th. Thus, you are ested to attend the function by being present in college on the mentioned date. The Venue and Time will be posted very soon.

B.Tech Projects lists

2008-12-29T18:26:00.002+05:30

VHDL/Verilog based Semi custom VLSI projects related to Computer architecture, I/O control and Networking communication and network security areas
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1. USB controller implementation in VHDL
2. FPGA implementation of Ethernet MAC for embedded network applications
3. VHDL implementation of Pipelined soft 32 bit RISC processor on FPGA
4. VHDL implementation of SHA algorithm
5. FPGA Implementation of International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)
6. An embedded converter from RS232 to Universal Serial Bus
7. Verilog HDL implementation of I2C bus controller for consumer electronics applications
8. VHDL Implementation of AES algor....Read More

B.Tech Projects list

2008-12-29T18:21:00.003+05:30

B.Tech Projects list
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VHDL/Verilog based Semi custom VLSI projects related to Computer architecture, I/O control and Networking communication and network security areas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. USB controller implementation in VHDL
2. FPGA implementation of Ethernet MAC for embedded network applications
3. VHDL implementation of Pipelined soft 32 bit RISC processor on FPGA
4. VHDL implementation of SHA algorithm
5. FPGA Implementation of International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)
6. An embedded converter from RS232 to Universal Serial Bus
7. Verilog HDL implementation of I2C bus controller for consumer electronics applications
8. VHDL Implementation of AES algorithm
9. FPGA implementation of interrupt controller for multiprocessor applications
10. VHDL implementation of multi channel UART
11. VHDL implementation of Scalable Encryption Algorithm (SEA)
12. FPGA implementation of high speed Gigabit serial driver for FPGA based embedded system Protocols
13. FPGA prototyping of DPWM generator circuits for Voltage Regulation Modules (VRM) applications
14. FPGA implementation of network repeater core for SOC applications
15. FPGA implementation of train communication network
16. VHDL implementation of CAN bus controller
17. VHDL implementation of ARM7 softcore for FPGA based embedded system design
18. FPGA based signal capture and analysis for complex VLSI designs
19. Efficient compression algorithm for chip level trace applications on FPGA
20. FPGA implementation of VGA controller
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VHDL/Verilog based Semi custom VLSI projects for Analog & Digital Communication applications (CDMA, WiMax, GPS and other latest Wireless communication Modules)
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1. FPGA Implementation of low complexity convolution encoder and decoder for wireless applications
2. VHDL implementation of Matched filter based correlator for DSSS systems
3. FPGA implementation of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer
4. FPGA implementation of Telemetry link transmitter and Receiver
5. FPGA implementation of digital GPS signal receiver[1]
6. Verilog HDL implementation of low density parity check codes for WiMax application
7. VHDL implementation and FPGA synthesis of universal modulator using CORDIC algorithm for communication applications
8. Implementation of extended tiny encryption algorithm for FPGA based sensor network applications
9. VLSI implementation of π/4 QPSK modulator and demodulator for mobile applications
10. VHDL implementation of soft decision Viterbi decoder for mobile communication applications
11. FPGA implementation of Amplitude comparison based DOA measurement technique for signal intelligence applications
12. Implementation of Direct Sequence CDMA transmitter and receiver using FPGAs for reconfigurable communication links
13. Automatic VHDL code generation for communication protocols using template based and state machine based techniques
14. FPGA implementation of Gaussian noise source
15. VHDL simulation of parameterized noisy channel models
16. FPGA implementation of Huffman encoder & decoder
17. VHDL implementation of synthesizable signal sources FPGA based model driven development
18. FPGA implementation of Encoders and decoders for Digital Error Control Codes
19. FPGA implementation of Encoder and Decoder for Arithmetic coding
20. FPGA implementation of Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) coding scheme for Wimax applications
21. All Digital OFDM modulator implementation in VHDL for Wireless broadband applications
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VHDL/Verilog based Semi custom VLSI projects for Digital and Image Processing (DSP) applications
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1. VHDL implementation of Scalable pipelined radix-2 FFT architecture
2. VHDL implementation of direct, pipelined and distributed FIR filters

Digital signal processing and Image processing projects
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DSP projects with MATLAB/OCTAVE implementation for various communication and signal processing applications
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1. Implementation of Automatic modulation classification algorithm to characterize unknown signals
2. Design and Description of CS-ACELP A Toll Quality 8 kb/s Speech Coder
3. MATLAB implementation details of Audio Coding (Psychoacoustic Model) for mobile multimedia applications
4. Speech enhancement using Kalman filter
5. Design and Implementation of Raised cosine and Root rised cosine pulse shaping filters for ISI and additive noise suppression over band limited channels
6. Implementation of OFDM modulator and Demodulator for WiMAX applications
7. Adaptive noise cancellation using LMS algorithm

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DSP projects with MATLAB/OCTAVE implementation for Image Processing applications
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1. Comparative study of Image Thresholding Techniques
2. Region Filling and Object Removal by Exemplar-Based Image Inpainting
3. Image restortion using masking technique
4. Video improvement technique for vibrating video signals in servillence applications
5. Secured authentication algorithm implementation based on face recognition techniques
6. Implementation of Video survillience techniques
7. Implementation of Moving object detection in video signals for automatic traffic control and signaling applications

Microcontroller and Microprocessor based Embedded system projects C and Assembly implementation on 8051, ARM7, ARM9, PSoC
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Embedded system projects implemented on 8051 & PSOC microcontrollers
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1. Implementation of low cost RFID based attendance marking and authentication system using PSoC mixed signal array chip
2. GSM based home security system implemented with PSoC microcontroller and GSM MODEM
3. Security enabled, automated car parking control system for metro cities
4. Pulse parameter mesurement system for Radar signal classification and Identification
5. Microcontroller based Tiny Encryption Algorithm on uCos-II for sensor network applications.
6. Microcontroller based Lift controller system
7. Programmable remote digital frequency synthesizer based on philips advanced microcontroller
8. Data Encryption Standard implementation on microcontroller platform
9. GSM based information retrievel system for data base management
10. PSoC Microcontroller based Vehicle Tracking System using GSM MODEM and GPS receiver
11. Secured wireless communication link with 434MHz ASK scheme for sensor network applications
12. Ultra sonic based range finding system with PSoC mixed signal chip
13. DSSS based secured wireless communication link for sensor network applications using PSoC mixed signal array chip
14. PSoC mixed signal array based 434MHz secured wireless bio medical signal recorder for personal health care systems
14. PSoC based power interver cum intelligent battery charging system
15. PSoC microcontroller based automatic sun tracking system for street light applications using Solar panels
16. Implementation of Delta - sigma ADC on PSoC mixed signal array chip
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Embedded system projects implemented on ARM7 microcontrollers
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1. USB stack development for LPC2148
2. Character LCD device driver development
3. Data Encryption Standard(DES)
4. Porting of uC/OS-II Real Time Operating System(RTOS)
5. Serial port device driver
6. Real time data acquisition (using uC/OS RTOS)
7. Interfacing of Graphics LCD to LPC2148
8. PC based low cost spectrum analyzer using ARM microcontroller
9. Pulse parameter measurement system for Radar signal classification and Identification
10. Implementation of CORIDC algorithm on LPC2148 ARM7 microcontroller

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Embedded system projects based on Linux Kernel programming and network programming
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1. Implementation of network Sniffers on LINUX
2. Development of Network Protocol for VOIP based applications on LINUX platform
3. Implementation of TFTP protocol
4. Development of Device drivers for Character devices on LINUX kernel
5. Programming serial port for Embedded Systems on LINUX.
6. Programming serial port for Embedded Systems on LINUX.
7. Implementation of TCP/IP protocol Network Analyzer on Linux
8. Implementation of DFCM algorithm for scientific floating point data compression using value predictor
9. Implementation of remote login using TCP/IP protocol stack on LINUX platform
10. Development of debugging tools (ping protocol) using TCP/IP protocol stack on LINUX platform
11. Implementation of Blowfish encryption algorithm using TCP/IP protocol stack on LINUX platform
12. Implementation of FCM algorithm for data compression using value predictor
13. Implementation of AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm for Data Encryption and Decryption
14. Development of audio conference using TCP/IP protocol stack on Linux platform

Welcome to Resurrect- - Techie

2008-12-22T05:12:00.007+05:30

Techie is a term, derivative of the word technology, for a person who displays a great, sometimes even obsessive, interest in technology, high-tech devices, and particularly computers.

To make the page more customized we have divided it into the following categories:

What's Hot: It deals with the latest happening's in our own college or other colleges or universities, like Seminars, Workshops, Projects or Yearly Tech- Events.

Placements: It deals with the details of companies visiting our campus and we also provide you the "Campus Training Program Material" free of cost.

Techno News: It deals with the development of latest gadgets or IC's or Chips or any other item pertaining to Electronics or Communication.

Share a Link: Sometimes it might happen that we are not aware of any ongoing event or technological development, in that case we request you to provide us with links about the matter which on coming to our notice will be posted immediately.

2008-12-22T04:50:00.003+05:30

DARS 2009

2008-12-15T04:41:00.000+05:30

Dear Sir / Madam,

DARS 2009: NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE DESIGN OF ANTENNA AND RADAR SYTEMS received requests from several students for participation. Students, desire to partcipate in DARS 2009 are requested to send registration details (Format available in brochure enclosed) along with Reg fee of Rs 500/- by DD for each participant.

DARS 2009 generally encourages participation of Ph.D students, students in PG level, student-authors (contributed to DARS 2009) and those who are working/ interested in developing carreer in these areas.

DARS 2009 organizing Committee will decide regarding number of partcipants, based on the response, area of interest of students and applicability. Selected students will be intimated. Drafts will be returned for others., in case DARS 2009 finds difficult to accommodate.

Students should bear expenses towards their travel to Bangalore and Back and for accommodation, during their stay.

DARS 2009 Organising Committeee is planning to provide Accommodation, at reasonable tariff, subject to feasibility.

For participation of Teaching Faculity of Institutes, the Registration fee is Rs 1000/-. Other terms remain same.

All Registration requests are to be forwarded to Mr. Murali, Co-ordinator, DARS 2009.

Further, for any clarifications, please contact 080-2809 4549.

Request to send your requests early.

With regards

B Sambasiva Rao

GM, MSG, ISTRAC

for DARS 2009

Download Brochure

IARE observes Communal Harmony Week

2008-12-11T03:58:00.000+05:30

The National Foundation for Communal Harmony (NFCH) was set up as an autonomous organisation under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, and registered on the 19th February, 1992 with the main objective of providing assistance for the physical and psychological rehabilitation of the child victims of communal, caste, ethnic or terrorist, etc. violence, with special reference to their care, education and training besides promoting communal harmony, fraternity and national integration. The Home Minister is ex-officio chairman of the Governing Council of the Foundation. The Governing Council decides broad policies, suggests measures for achieving its objectives and exercises overall supervision over the Foundation. The ex-officio chairman of the Executive Council of the Foundation is the Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs. The management and administration of the Foundation rests with the Executive Council. The Secretary of the Foundation is its principal executive officer.

Our college observed the Communal Harmony Week from 19th Novemeber 2008 to 24th November 2008 and Flag Day on 25th November 2008.

Various Competetions like Essay Writing, Painting, Slogans, Seminars were held and Donations of about Rs 4,400/- were made by girls of ECE II - B

Academic Calendar - Regulations

2008-12-06T17:50:00.000+05:30

II,III,IV Year B.Tech.-II Semester

Instructions : 01.12.2008 to 31.01.2009 (9W)

Intra Semester Break & Supplementary
Examinations of II-I, III-I, IV-I B.Tech. : 01.02.2009 to 15.02.2009

Instructions Contd. : 16.02.2009 to 11.04.2009 (8W)

Preparation & Practicals : 13.04.2009 to 18.04.2009

End Examinations : 20.04.2009 to 02.05.2009

Summer Vacation : 03.05.2009 to 22.06.2009

Commencement of Class Work for
II,III&IV Yr.I Semester : 23.06.2009

This is for your information and necessary action.

Yours faithfully,

DIRECTOR OF EVALUATION

Campus recruitment training material

2008-08-20T08:23:00.000+05:30

Here is a beautiful bunch of material for those students who are planning for CAMPUS PLACEMENTS. This material cover almost all the topics, Do's and Dont's. Give a look its very useful.

Campus recruitment training material (Size : 2474 KB)

501_Challenging_Logic_Reasoning (Size : 1320 KB)

Participate in Shaastra 2008

2008-08-06T07:04:00.000+05:30

Web : http://www.shaastra.org/2008/

Events

Applied Engineering

Simulation Championship
Math Modelling
Reverse Engineering

Unwind

Science Fiction Writing
Daily Events
Puzzle Hut
Puzzle Championship
Videos And Movies
Chindogu
PHYit
Shaastra Cube Open 2008
Integration Bee

Hands On

Contraptions
Junkyard Wars
Project X
Techtrek
Chemical X

Design Events

Blueprint
Industry Defined Problems
Aesthetique
Engenious
Desmod

Online Events

Online Hacking Challenge
Online Quiz
Online Puzzle Championship
Online Math
Kryptyk

Quizzes

How Things Work
Shaastra Main Quiz

Spotlight

Golden Design Challenges
Industrial Open House
The Ultimate Engineer
Pentathlon

Design And Build

Fire N' ICE
Robotics
Switchcraft

Coding

AI Wars
Pwned!
SHOCK
Online Programming Contest
Babel
Brainfck
Code Breaker
Hackfest

Workshops

Amateur Astronomy
Rubik's Cube Workshop
Nonlinear Dynamics And BEAM Robotics
Boomerang
Control Systems
The Master Investor
Computer Security
Retractable Structures
Nanoscience
Speed Math
Drug Design And Delivery Systems
FOSS Conference

Entrepreneurship

Breakthrough
E Workshops
Lecture Series
VC Pitch

Military Use Of Robots Increases

2008-08-06T07:01:00.000+05:30

War casualties are typically kept behind tightly closed doors, but one company keeps the mangled pieces of its first casualty on display. This is no ordinary soldier, though — it is Packbot from the iRobot Corporation.

Robots are increasingly taking over more soldier duties in Iraq and Afghanistan, with predictions that as much as 30 percent of the U.S. Army will be robotic by 2020. WUSTL computer scientists who work on robots say the machines still need the human touch. (Credit: Image courtesy of Washington University in St. Louis)

Robots in the military are no longer the stuff of science fiction. They have left the movie screen and entered the battlefield. Washington University in St. Louis's Doug Few and Bill Smart are on the cutting edge of this new wave of technology. Few and Smart report that the military goal is to have approximately 30% of the Army comprised of robotic forces by approximately 2020. Of course, they aren't envisioning robotic soldiers from movies like "Star Wars" and "I, Robot."

"When the military says 'robot' they mean everything from self-driving trucks up to what you would conventionally think of as a robot. You would more accurately call them autonomous systems rather than robots," says Smart assistant professor of computer science and engineering.

All of the Army's robotic force is teleoperated, meaning there is someone operating the robot from a remote location, perhaps often with a joystick and a computer screen. While this may seem like a caveat in plans to add robots to the military, it is actually very important to keep humans involved in the robotic operations.

"It's a chain of command thing. You don't want to give autonomy to a weapons delivery system. You want to have a human hit the button," says Smart. "You don't want the robot to make the wrong decision. You want to have a human to make all of the important decisions."

Not like the Terminator

While movies display robots as intelligent beings, Smart and Few aren't necessarily looking for intelligent decision-making in their robots. Instead, they are working to develop an improved, "intelligent" functioning of the robot.

"It's oftentimes like the difference between the adverb and noun. You can act intelligently or you can be intelligent. I'm much more interested in the adverb for my robots," says Few.

Few, who is Smart's Ph.D. student, is also interested in the delicate relationship between robot and human. He is working to develop a system in which the robot can carry out a task while keeping a human in the loop and with the ability to create new goals for the robot. Few says that there are many issues that may require "a graceful intervention" by humans and these need to be thought of from the ground up.

"When I envision the future of robots, I always think of the Jetsons," says Few. "George Jetson never sat down at a computer to task Rosie to clean the house. Somehow, they had this local exchange of information. So what we've been working on is how we can use the local environment rather than a computer as a tasking medium to the robot."

To work toward this goal, Few has incorporated what many would simply consider a toy into robotic programming. Using a Wii controller, Few capitalizes on natural human movements to communicate with the robot. Using something as simple and as common as this video game controller also has added benefits in a military setting. Rather than carting around a heavy laptop and being forced to focus on a joystick and screen, soldiers in battle can stay alert and engaged in their surroundings while performing operations with the robot.

"We forget that when we're controlling robots in the lab it's really pretty safe and no one's trying to kill us," says Smart. "But if you are in a war zone and you're hunched over a laptop, that's not a good place to be. You want to be able to use your eyes in one place and use your hand to control the robot without tying up all of your attention."

Robots are already finding a place among deployed troops. There are unmanned aerial vehicles and ground robots for explosives detection. Robotics advancements do, however, raise new ethical questions, such as where to place the blame if a robot kills someone. Nevertheless, as the technology progresses, more robots are being sent into battle first. The mangled Packbot on display at iRobot is just one such example of a fortunate casualty.

"When I stood there and looked at that Packbot, I realized that if that robot hadn't been there, it would have been some kid," reflects Few.

Seminar on Embedded Systems for Missile Applications

2008-07-30T03:45:00.000+05:30

There is a seminar on "Embedded Systems for Missile Applications" on August 2, 2008

Venue : 2nd Floor Conference Hall

Time : 2:00PM

Researchers Discover New States Of Electrons That Behave Like Light

2008-07-28T05:22:00.000+05:30

A team of researchers at Princeton University's Materials Research Science and Engineering Center has observed electrons moving through a crystal of bismuth metal behaving like light.

This discovery, supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and detailed in today's edition of the journal Science, could lead to new kinds of electronic devices.

Electrons, or the particles of electricity, fly through space like tiny baseballs. Alternatively, when an electron speeds between a crystal's periodic arrangement of atoms it behaves very differently. The fundamental equations that describe its motion in the crystal are very different from those of a free-flying baseball. For example, in bismuth, the fundamental equations of electron motion resemble those that describe the behavior of light. Although the electrons whirl about the crystal slower than at the speed of light, the electrons behave as if they are without mass like photons, the tiniest unit of light.

Over a decade ago, theoretical physicists supported by NSF studied electrons confined to artificial layered structures made of semiconductors--the stuff of which transistors are made of. They predicted that new kinds of electronic matter governed by the rules of quantum mechanics would emerge from the electrons in different layers coordinating their motions. Scientists hypothesized that bismuth crystals should also exhibit analogous electronic states.

The Princeton group, led by physics professor N. Phuan Ong, fixed a crystal of bismuth onto a flexing beam, or cantilever, and then placed this apparatus in a high magnetic field created at the NSF National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which can generate magnetic fields that are more than a million times stronger than the earth's faint magnetic field.

Under such enormous magnetic fields, the cantilever twists. The way it twists tells the Princeton researchers about the subtle new kind of matter in the bismuth crystal.

In a single crystal of bismuth, electrons are often confined to three valleys in a complex abstract landscape that scientists use to represent an electron's energy in the crystalline structure. Through careful study of the twisting cantilever, they observed a transformation from a state where the electrons prefer to occupy only one valley to a state in which the electrons share their time among all the valleys in a dance choreographed by the fundamental rules of quantum mechanics.

"This is exciting because this was predicted but never shown before, and it may eventually lead to new paradigms in computing and electronics,"said Thomas Rieker, NSF program director for materials research center.

With this work, the theory of electrodynamics suggests a rich landscape of electronic states of semiconductors, and the Princeton researchers are continuing their adventure. Someday, these newly discovered electronic states of matter may enable powerful new electronic devices that exploit the principles of quantum mechanics to compute and communicate. For now we can marvel at the subtle beauty of nature that lives in a universe of electrons that lies beneath the shiny skin of a metal crystal.